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The severity of radiation injury is most significantly influenced by the amount and duration of exposure. This relationship is fundamental in understanding radiation effects; the more radiation a person is exposed to, and the longer that exposure lasts, the greater the potential for harmful effects on biological tissues.

Cumulative dose is a critical factor because radiation interacts with living tissues and can lead to cellular damage or death, depending on how much radiation is absorbed. Short bursts of high-dose radiation can cause acute radiation syndrome, while prolonged exposure, even at lower doses, can increase the risk of long-term effects, such as cancer.

While distance from the source, type of radiation, and protective measures taken are certainly important considerations in minimizing radiation effects, the direct relationship between exposure amount and duration makes this factor the most impactful in determining the severity of potential radiation injuries. Thus, attention to controlling not just the intensity of exposure but also its duration is essential for both prevention and treatment in cases of radiation exposure.