Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

Cystic fibrosis primarily results in which of the following conditions?

1. Oxygen retention

2. Excess sodium loss and thick pulmonary secretions

3. Increased lung capacity

4. Autoimmune responses

The correct answer is: Excess sodium loss and thick pulmonary secretions

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system, characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus. This condition leads to blockages in the airways, making it difficult to clear mucus from the lungs and thus promoting lung infections and inflammation. In addition to the respiratory system, cystic fibrosis also affects the pancreas and other organs by causing the production of dense secretions that impede normal functionality. The condition is also associated with abnormal levels of sodium and chloride in sweat, leading to excess sodium loss. This is why individuals with cystic fibrosis may require salt supplementation, particularly in warmer climates or during physical activity where sweating is more significant. Recognizing the specific issues of excess sodium loss and the resultant thick pulmonary secretions helps to understand the broader impact of cystic fibrosis on the individual's health. In summary, the primary consequences of cystic fibrosis involve a combination of thick mucus production that leads to complications in respiratory function and excess sodium loss due to abnormalities in chloride channels.