Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

In the context of allergic reactions, what does anaphylaxis typically affect?

1. The cardiovascular system only

2. The respiratory system only

3. Multiple body systems, including respiratory and cardiovascular

4. Only the integumentary system

The correct answer is: Multiple body systems, including respiratory and cardiovascular

Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that typically affects multiple body systems, particularly the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. During anaphylaxis, the body releases large amounts of histamine and other chemicals, which can lead to a rapid onset of symptoms that affect various systems. In the respiratory system, anaphylaxis can cause bronchoconstriction, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, difficulty breathing, and swelling of the airway tissues, which can obstruct airflow. Meanwhile, in the cardiovascular system, the reaction can cause vasodilation, leading to widespread hypotension (low blood pressure) and potential cardiovascular collapse. This multi-system involvement is critical to understanding the urgency of treating anaphylaxis, as failure to address symptoms in either system can result in serious complications or death. Other body systems, such as the integumentary system (skin), may also present symptoms like hives or swelling, but these are generally considered secondary to the more serious impacts on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Therefore, recognizing that anaphylaxis affects multiple body systems, especially the respiratory and cardiovascular, is essential in providing appropriate care and intervention.