Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

What change occurs in the coronary arteries of individuals with arteriosclerotic heart disease?

1. Increased elasticity

2. Thickening and hardening

3. Normal blood flow

4. Decreased plaque formation

The correct answer is: Thickening and hardening

The correct answer highlights that individuals with arteriosclerotic heart disease experience thickening and hardening of the coronary arteries. This condition, known as atherosclerosis, is characterized by the buildup of plaques, which are composed of fats, cholesterol, and other substances, on the artery walls. As these plaques accumulate, they lead to a narrowing of the arteries, which restricts blood flow and can result in serious cardiovascular issues such as angina or myocardial infarction (heart attack). In the context of this condition, increased elasticity (often associated with healthy arteries) is not present; instead, the walls of the arteries become stiff and less responsive to changes in blood flow dynamics. Normal blood flow is also compromised due to the narrowing of the arteries caused by the thickening and hardening process. Additionally, arteriosclerotic heart disease is marked by increased plaque formation rather than decreased, contributing to the risk of severe vascular complications.