Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

What is the common cause of lower-airway injury following a burn?

1. Direct contact with flames

2. Smoke inhalation

3. Inhalation of chemicals and particulate matter

4. Radiation exposure

The correct answer is: Inhalation of chemicals and particulate matter

The correct answer focuses on inhalation of chemicals and particulate matter as the common cause of lower-airway injury following a burn. Burns can produce a variety of harmful byproducts, including toxic gases and particulate matter, which can be inhaled during the incident. This inhalation can lead to significant injury to the lower airways, including the trachea and bronchi, causing inflammation, swelling, and potentially respiratory distress. When individuals are exposed to smoke from a fire, the combustion of materials releases both volatile chemicals and solid particulate matter. These substances can irritate the airways, cause chemical burns, and result in obstruction due to inflammation or direct injury to the tissues. This highlights the critical nature of recognizing that the impact of smoke and contaminants is often more damaging to the respiratory system than the flame itself, especially when considering the potential for longer-lasting effects on lung function. In contrast, while direct contact with flames is definitely a concern for skin and upper-airway injuries, those injuries typically do not extend as deeply into the lower airway unless there is inhalation of the flames, which is less common. Similarly, while radiation exposure can cause injuries, it is not a primary concern directly associated with typical burn injuries. Smoke inhalation is indeed a serious issue