Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

What should you do if a patient's symptoms have not improved five minutes after administering an epinephrine auto-injector?

1. Administer an oral antihistamine

2. Call for advanced medical support

3. Administer a second dose of epinephrine, if the patient has another auto-injector

4. Monitor the patient without taking further action

The correct answer is: Administer a second dose of epinephrine, if the patient has another auto-injector

When a patient's symptoms have not improved five minutes after administering an epinephrine auto-injector, administering a second dose of epinephrine is appropriate if the patient has another auto-injector available. This is because epinephrine is critical in treating severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). Its effects can vary, and sometimes a single dose may not be sufficient to alleviate symptoms like airway swelling or hypotension. The use of a second dose can provide the necessary increase in vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, and reduced vascular permeability, which are essential for reversing life-threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis. It is important to note that the follow-up dose can be administered if there is a persistent threat to the patient's airway or circulation. In an emergency setting, calling for advanced medical support is crucial, and while this is often done, it does not replace the need for potentially life-saving interventions like administering another dose of epinephrine when necessary. Monitoring the patient without further action is not advisable, especially if symptoms indicate ongoing deterioration. Similarly, administering an oral antihistamine is not appropriate in this acute scenario as it does not act quickly enough to address severe symptoms of anaphylaxis.